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Consumers / Definitions
This page contains definitions of commonly used terms in Speech-Language-Pathology and Audiology.
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A :
· Aphasia
· Apraxia of Speech
· Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
· Auditory Processing
· Augmentative and Alternative Communication
· Autism
B :
· Behavior Modification
· Bruxism
C:
· Cerebral Palsy
· Cleft/Lip Palate
· Cochlear Implant
· Communication Disorder
· Congenital
D:
· Deaf
· Dysarthria
· Dysgraphia
· Dyslexia
· Dysphagia |
E:
· Expressive Language Impairments
F:
· Feeding Therapy
· Fluency Disorder (see Stuttering) FM System
H:
· Hearing Disorder
I:
· Intelligibility
J:
· Jargon
L:
· Language Delay/Disorder
· Learning Disability
M:
· Myofunctional Therapy - see Tongue Thrust
N:
· Neologism
· Neuromotor Disorders |
O:
· Oral Motor Therapy
· Oral Peripheral Mechanism
· Otitis Media
P:
· Pragmatic Language Skills
· Public Speaking Skills
R:
· Receptive Language Impairments
S:-
· Speech-Language Pathologist
· Speech Disorder
· Stroke
· Stuttering
· Swallowing Therapy
T:
· Tongue Thrust/Myofunctional Therapy
· Traumatic Brain Injury
V:
· Voice Disorders |
A
Aphasia
The adult-form of a language impairment. It may be caused by stroke, brain injury or severe illnesses resulting from neurological injury.
Apraxia of Speech
A disturbance in the selection and sequencing of sounds; it may be developmental or acquired.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A group of behaviors characterized by problems in focusing and maintaining attention to tasks. Many individuals with a diagnosis of ADHD exhibit communication problems or learning disabilities.
Auditory Processing
The inability or impaired ability to attend to, discriminate, recognize or comprehend information presented auditorily even though the person has normal hearing and normal intelligence.
Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Methods of communicating for individuals who cannot orally express themselves. Using assistive technology, such as a communication board, one can express his/her thoughts successfully.
Autism
A syndrome identified by a failure to develop normal verbal and nonverbal communication skills and reduced responsiveness to others within the environment.
B
Behavior Modification
A systematic approach to increasing and/or decreasing targeted behaviors using positive and negative reinforcement.
Bruxism
Teeth grinding, a habit, which usually occurs at night but which, is related to malocclusion (poor teeth relationship) and possibly swallowing or biting problem.
C
Cerebral Palsy
A group of disorders caused by irregularities in the Central Nervous System usually acquired at birth.
Cleft/Lip Palate
A congenital opening in the lip or palate caused by the failure of sections of the mouth to fuse together during natal development.
Cochlear Implant
A surgically placed device on the skull used to improve hearing for those who would not receive significant benefit from more traditional methods of amplification such as hearing aids.
Communication Disorder
The breakdown or disruption in the exchange of information and ideas during conversation.
Congenital
Present at birth.
D
Deaf
The absence of all usable hearing.
Dysarthria
Problems within the motor aspects of speech production secondary to brain injury.
Dysgraphia
Specific problem with written language secondary to brain injury
Dyslexia
A specific language learning disability that affects a person's reading ability.
Dysphagia
A disorder associated with difficulties swallowing liquids and/or solid foods.
E
Expressive Language Impairments
Language problems that affect spontaneous and/or structured verbal language.
F
Feeding Therapy
The training, re-training or development of the muscles used for eating, drinking and swallowing secondary to developmental/neurological conditions.
Fluency Disorder (see Stuttering)
FM System
H
Hearing Disorder
A reduction or inability to hear sounds. Any degree of hearing loss. Hearing disorders may limit the development, comprehension, and/or production of speech and/or language. A hearing disorder may require the use of hearing aids or an FM system.
I
Intelligibility
The degree to which an individual's speech is understood by others.
J
Jargon
Verbalizations of children approximately from 9 months to 18 months which contains syllables
L
Language Delay/Disorder
Difficulties in comprehension, formulation and/or use of spoken and/or written language. Like speech disorders, a language problem occurs in both children and adults.
Learning Disability
Refers to a general term used to describe a complex group of disorders evidenced by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, mathematical abilities, as well as social skills.
M
Myofunctional Therapy - see Tongue Thrust
N
Neologism
Speech behavior often exhibited by individuals experiencing stroke or brain injury.
Neuromotor Disorders
Abnormal muscle function secondary to Central Nervous System dysfunction.
O
Oral Motor Therapy
Training of muscles used for speaking or eating which are impaired or weakened due to developmental or acquired disabilities.
Oral Peripheral Mechanism
The structures of the mouth used in the production of speech.
Otitis Media
An infection of the middle ear often evidenced by excessive fluid in the ear.
P
Pragmatic Language Skills
The area of language which focuses on the social use of language.
Public Speaking Skills
An individual's communications skills for speech making.
R
Receptive Language Impairments
Language problems that affect comprehension of incoming language.
S
Speech-Language Pathologist
An individual licensed in speech-language pathology who is qualified to diagnose speech, language, voice, fluency and swallowing disorders and to prescribe and implement therapy.
Speech Disorder
Difficulties producing sounds correctly. The onset of this disorder is usually early childhood and is called a Phonological or Articulation Disorder. In adults, speech disorders usually are a result of some type of brain injury.
Stroke
The major cause of aphasia. It is usually caused by injury in a localized area of the brain, traumatic brain injuries, brain tumors, abscesses, infectious diseases, and degenerative diseases.
Stuttering
Interruptions in the flow of speech. It is characterized by repeating sounds, words, and/or phrases. Onset of this disorder is usually preschool and early adolescence. Adults may also have this disorder.
Swallowing Therapy
The training of muscles for the oral, pharyngeal and esophageal stages of ingesting liquids or solids secondary to injury of these muscles.
T
Tongue Thrust/Myofunctional Therapy
The condition and type of therapy which retrains the lips, tongue and facial muscles to work properly for correct speech and swallowing and to improve the appearance of the oral-facial muscles.
Traumatic Brain Injury
Injury sustained from the impact of a car accident, fall, or other injury to the head.
V
Voice Disorders
A problem in the perceptual quality of a person's voice. Difficulties may affect the volume, pitch and quality of the voice. An individual's voice may sound "harsh," "hoarse," "lower/higher than usual pitch," "nasal" and/or "breathy." Sometimes these problems are due to vocal nodules or polyps.
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